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House of Wisdom, Islamic Golden Age
During the dark middle ages of Europe, 8th century to the 14th century, the Middle East had entered into a period now called 'The Islamic Golden Age'. Starting with the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) and the building of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where scholars from various parts of the world with different cultural backgrounds gathered to translate all of the world's classical (ancient Greek and Roman) knowledge into the Arabic language. This period ended when the Mogols invaded Baghdad in 1258 AD and much of the library of precious ancient books were destroyed.
The translation of these ancient greek and Roman text and then marrying many Greek, Persian and Indian ideas lead to a lot of new discoveries and research into areas of math, science and art. Trigonometry, arithmetic, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, optics and many other areas were greatly advanced. Our modern decimal system and much of our advanced math is directly linked to this era and it's discoveries.
These scholars revolutionised the digital number system using the arabic-indic numbers ٠(0), ١(1), ٢(2), ٣(3), ٤(4), ٥(5), ٦(6), ٧(7), ٨(8), and ٩ (9). Inventing the concept and use of 0, which is one of the most important parts of our decimal counting system! The scholar we know of best from that time was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, whose work on algebra, algorithms and arithmetic are still used in the fields of Math and Computer Science today.
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