Bob Bemer

Robert William Bemer (February 8, 1920 – June 22, 2004) was a computer scientist best known for his work at IBM during the late 1950s and early 1960s

He worked with Grace Hopper and others to invent COBOL, a programming language that was much easier to read and use than ones invented previously.

In 1960, Bob worked with Hugh McGregor Ross and others, to define the ASCII code. He added the ESCape character (and the escape sequence), / and { } and is sometimes known as The Father of ASCII. He wrote "No global intercommunication can be effective without a common language"²

He was also important in the development of the principle of timesharing, "getting many people to use one computer at the same time."²

References:

¹ Image of Bob Bemer by Source (WP:NFCC#4), Fair use
² Bemer quotes from his defunct website www.bobbemer.com, captured by WebArchive.com
Text heavily edited from Bob Bemer's Wikipage

</div>
<div class="js comments_comment-content">
<div class="comments_comment-profile-info">
<span class="js comments_comment-profile-name">{{codeName}}</span>
        
<span class="js comments_comment-timestamp">{{timestamp}}</span>
      </div>
<p class="js comments_comment-text">{{comment}}
<div class="js comments_comment-buttons">
<span class="js comments_comment-replies-count" data-upvotes="{{upvotes}}">{{upvotes}}</span>
<button class="js comments_comment-up-vote"></button>
<button class="js comments_comment-reply"></button>
      </div>
    </div>
    {{#if parentID}}

{{else}}
<div class="js comments_comment-replies">
        
      </div>
    {{/if}}
  </div>

<div class="guiders-preview_content">
      {{#if complete}}{{else}}
<h4 class="guiders-preview_subtitle">{{subtitle}}</h4>
      {{/if}}
<h2 class="guiders-preview_title">{{{title}}} {{#if complete}}{{{message}}}{{/if}}</h2>
      {{#if complete}}{{else}}
<div class="guiders-preview_description"><p>{{{message}}}</div>
      {{/if}}
      {{#if complete}}
<div class="guiders-preview_social-buttons">
<a href="{{{twitterUrl}}}" target="_blank" onclick="ai.publish(true, null, event);" class="js guiders-preview_social-button -twitter"><i class="guiders-preview_social-icon icon-ca-twitter"></i> {{{twitter}}}</a>
<button class="js guiders-preview_social-button -facebook" onclick="ai.share.facebook();ai.publish(true, null, event);"><i class="guiders-preview_social-icon icon-ca-facebook"></i> {{{facebook}}}</button>
      </div>
      {{/if}}
    </div>
  </div>  
  {{#if tour}}
<p class="guiders-preview_action">{{{action}}}
  {{/if}}

{{#with pricing}}
<div id="pricing-popup">
<div class="pricing">
<h3 class="pricing_header">{{{header}}}</h3>
<p class="pricing_info">
    
    {{{text}}}

<div class="pricing_sections">
    {{#each sections}}
<div class="pricing_section-wrapper">
<div class="pricing_section">
<h3 class="pricing_section-header">{{header}}</h3>
          {{#if list}}
            {{#each list}}
<p class="pricing_section-info">{{this}}
            {{/each}}
          {{else}}
<p><span class="js- pricing_section-price">{{price}}</span> <span class="js- pricing_section-dom">{{dom}}</span> <span class="pricing_section-details">{{{details}}}</span>
<p class="pricing_section-info">{{{text}}}</p>
          {{/if}}
        </div>
        {{#if button1}}
<button class="pricing_button js signup-button">{{../button1}}</button>
        {{/if}}
        {{#if button2}}
<button class="pricing_button -red js-quote-button" data-analytic="submit-quote">{{../button2}}</button>
        {{/if}}
      </div>
    {{/each}}
    </div>
    
  </div>
</div>
{{/with}}

<div id="quote" class="js quote">
    <div class="pricing">
        <h3 class="pricing_header">{{{header}}}</h3>
        <p class="pricing_info">{{{text}}}</p>
        <div class="js pricing_sections">
        {{#each inputs}}
            <div class="pricing_input-wrapper {{size}}">
                <label class="pricing_label">{{placeholder}}</label>
                {{#if list}}
                    <select required name="{{name}}" class="js pricing_input">
                    {{#each list}}
                        <option value="{{#if name}}{{name}}{{/if}}">{{#if name}}{{name}}{{else}}{{this}}{{/if}}</option>
                    {{/each}}
                    </select>
                {{else}}
                    <input required type="{{#if type}}{{type}}{{else}}text{{/if}}" name="{{name}}" placeholder="{{placeholder}}" class="js pricing_input" value="{{value}}">
                {{/if}}
            </div>
        {{/each}}
        </div>
        <button class="js-teacher-quote pricing_button -red" data-analytic="submit-quote-button Quote">{{{button}}}</button>
  </div>
</div>

{{else}}
            {{{level}}}
          {{/if}}
        </h2>
<h3 class="track-popup_name">{{name}}</h3>
<p class="track-popup_description">{{description}}</p>
      </div>
    </div>
<div class="track-popup_header-right">
      {{{trackBox}}}
      
      {{#if secondaryButton}}
<a href="{{trackUrl}}" class="js track-popup_header-button">{{secondaryButton}}</a>
      {{/if}}
    </div>
  </div>
<div class="js track-popup_tracks">
    {{#each courses}}
<div class="track-popup_course">
<div class="track-popup_course-left">
<div class="track-popup_course-left-content">
<h2 class="track-popup_course-name">{{name}} {{type}}</h2>
<p class="track-popup_course-info">{{{description}}}</p>
          </div>
        </div>
<div class="track-popup_course-right">
          {{{boxHtml}}}
<a href="{{url}}" class="track-popup_course-button {{#if ../disableTrack}}is-disabled{{/if}}">{{../startNowButton}}</a>
        </div>
      </div>
    {{/each}}
  </div>
</div>

<div class="guides-info-section">
<h3 class="guides-info-section_heading">Key</h3>
<div class="js guides-info-section_key">
<p class="js guides-info-section_key-text">There are five types of lesson segments:</p>
<i class="guides-info-section_key-icon icon-ca-puzzle"></i> <span class="guides-info-section_type">Concepts</span>: <p class="guides-info-section_key-description">Notes on the concepts covered in the CA lessons.</p>
<i class="guides-info-section_key-icon icon-ca-rocket"></i> <span class="guides-info-section_type">Activities</span>: <p class="guides-info-section_key-description">Off-line and online activities to supplement the CA lessons. </p>
<i class="guides-info-section_key-icon icon-ca-ca-logo"></i> <span class="guides-info-section_type">CA Lessons</span> = <p> class="guides-info-section_key-description"Online lessons created by CA.</p>
<i class="guides-info-section_key-icon icon-ca-ca-logo"></i> <span class="guides-info-section_type">CA Projects</span> = <p class="guides-info-section_key-description">Online projects created by CA to reinforce your learning.</p>
<i class="guides-info-section_key-icon icon-ca-ca-logo"></i> <span class="guides-info-section_type">CA Quizzes</span> = <p class="guides-info-section_key-description">Online quizzes created by CA to review previous lessons.</p>
<p class="js guides-info-section_key-text">These small segments can be organised into three sections</p>
<p><span>Prior Learning</span>: These are recap/review segments</p>
<p><span>The Lesson</span>: This section leads you through the concepts, activities and CA lessons.</p> 
<p><span>Extension</span>: These are additional concepts, activities and lessons.</p>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="js purchase-item {{handler}} {{type}} {{#if purchased}}has-purchased{{/if}} {{#if isComplete}}is-complete{{/if}} {{#if new}}-new{{/if}}" {{#if id}} data-id="{{id}}" {{/if}} {{#if plan}} data-plan="{{plan}}" {{/if}} {{#if item}} data-item="{{item}}" {{/if}} {{#if url}} data-url="{{url}}" {{/if}}>
<img src="{{img}}" class="purchase-item_img">
<p class="purchase-item_header">{{title}}</p>
    {{#if description}}
<p class="purchase-item_text">{{description}}</p>
    {{/if}}
<p class="purchase-item_price"><span class="purchase-item_price-price {{#if salePrice}}-strikethrough{{/if}}">{{price}}</span> {{#if salePrice}}<span class="purchase-item_price-sale">{{salePrice}}</span>{{/if}}</p>
<p class="purchase-item_type">USD {{per}}</p>
<div class="purchase-item_buttons">
      {{#each buttons}}
        {{#if url}}
<a href="{{url}}" {{#if target}} target="{{target}}" {{/if}} class="js purchase-item_button external-link" title="{{text}}">{{text}}</a>
        {{else}}
<button class="js purchase-item_button {{hander}}" title="{{text}}">
<span class="js show-spinner">{{text}}</span>
<div class="js show-spinner" data-loader="circle-side"></div>
          </button>
        {{/if}}
      {{/each}}
    </div>
    {{#if info}}
<p class="purchase-item_info">{{info}}</p>
    {{/if}}
  </div>

<div class="js payment-form">
<div class="payment-form_content">
      {{{header}}}
<div class="payment-form_inputs">
<div class="js payment-form_input-wrapper -wide -radios">
<div class="js payment-form_option" data-type="ccd">
<label class="js payment-form_label" title="{{creditCard}}">{{creditCard}}</label> 
<span class="js payment-form_option-radio is-active"></span>
          </div>
<div class="js payment-form_option" data-type="paypal">
<label class="js payment-form_label" title="Paypal">Paypal</label> 
<span class="js payment-form_option-radio"></span> 
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
<form class="js payment-form_input-wrapper -wide ccd_form">

<div class="payment-form_inputs">
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{firstName}} *</label>
<input class="js payment-form_input -dark" type="text" data-recurly="first_name">

</div>
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{lastName}} *</label>
<input class="js payment-form_input" type="text" data-recurly="last_name">

</div> 
        </div>
        
        {{#if includeSignup}}
<div class="js payment-form_inputs include-signup">
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{email}} *</label>
<input class="js payment-form_input -dark" type="email">

</div>
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{password}} *</label>
<input class="js payment-form_input" type="password">

</div> 
          </div>
        {{/if}}

<div class="payment-form_inputs">
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{cardNumber}} *</label>
<div data-recurly="number"></div>
          </div>
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">CVV *</label>
<div data-recurly="cvv"></div>
          </div> 
        </div>
<div class="payment-form_inputs">  
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{month}} *</label>
<div data-recurly="month"></div>
          </div>
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{year}} *</label>
<div data-recurly="year"></div>
          </div> 
<input type="hidden" name="recurly-token" data-recurly="token">

</div>
      </form>
<div class="payment-form_input-wrapper -wide js code">
<label class="js payment-form_label">{{couponCode}} </label>
<input type="text" name="coupon" class="js payment-form_input">

</div>
      
      {{#if includeSignup}}
<div class="js payment-form_input-wrapper include-signup">
<span class="js payment-form_option-checkbox policy-consent -dark" data-value="yes"></span>
<label class="js payment-form_label -checkbox -no-caps">
            {{{consent}}}
          </label>
        </div>
      {{/if}}

<div class="payment-form_buttons">
<div class="js payment-form_error"></div>
<button class="js payment-form_continue-button">
<span class="payment-form_continue-button-text js show-spinner">{{buttonText}}</span>
<div class="js show-spinner" data-loader="circle-side"></div>
        </button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

<!doctype html>

<body class="slide -{slideType}">
<header class="slide_header"> 
<i class="slide_logo icon-ca-ca-logo"></i>
<span class="slide_title">{header}</span>
<div class="slide_controls">
<button id="presentation-jump" class="js slide_controls-button -jump" onclick="window.opener.ai.presentation.previousSlide(true)"><i class="slide_controls-icon icon-ca-left-arrow -double"></i><i class="slide_controls-icon icon-ca-left-arrow -double"></i></button>
<button id="presentation-prev" class="js slide_controls-button -prev" onclick="window.opener.ai.presentation.previousSlide(false)"><i class="slide_controls-icon icon-ca-left-arrow"></i></button>
<button id="presentation-next" class="js slide_controls-button -next" onclick="window.opener.ai.presentation.nextSlide(false)"><i class="slide_controls-icon icon-ca-right-arrow"></i></button>
<button id="presentation-skip" class="js slide_controls-button -skip" onclick="window.opener.ai.presentation.nextSlide(true)"><i class="slide_controls-icon icon-ca-right-arrow -double"></i><i class="slide_controls-icon icon-ca-right-arrow -double"></i></button>
</div>
</header>

{content}
</section>

</body>

<div class="js- projects-popup -{{type}}">
<div class="js- projects-popup_top">
    {{#if image}}
<div class="js- projects-popup_image-wrapper">
      {{#if promo}}{{else}}<div class="projects-popup_image-overlay"></div>{{/if}}
<img src="{{image}}" class="js- projects-popup_image">

</div>
    {{/if}}
<div class="projects-popup_info">
<div class="projects-popup_header">
<span class="js- projects-popup_title">{{{name}}}</span>
        {{#if time}}<span class="js- projects-popup_time">{{{time}}}</span>{{/if}}
      </div>
      {{#if description}}<p class="js- projects-popup_description">{{{description}}}</p>{{/if}}
      {{#compare progress '>' 0}}
        {{#equals type project}}
<div class="projects-popup_progress-bar">
<div class="js- projects-popup_progress {{{theme}}}" style="width: {{progress}}%"></div>
          </div>
        {{/equals}}
      {{/compare}}
    </div>
  </div>
<div class="js- projects-popup_bottom">
<div class="projects-popup_info">
<div class="projects-popup_header">
<span class="js- projects-popup_title">{{{name}}}</span>
        {{#if time}}<span class="js- projects-popup_time">{{{time}}}</span>{{/if}}
      </div>
      {{#if description}}<p class="js- projects-popup_description">{{{description}}}</p>{{/if}}
      {{#compare progress '>' 0}}
        {{#equals type project}}
<div class="projects-popup_progress-bar">
<div class="js- projects-popup_progress {{{theme}}}" style="width: {{progress}}%"></div>
          </div>
        {{/equals}}
      {{/compare}}
    </div>
    {{#if image}}
<div class="js- projects-popup_image-wrapper {{#if promo}}-promo{{/if}}">
      {{#if promo}}{{else}}<div class="projects-popup_image-overlay"></div>{{/if}}
<img src="{{image}}" class="js- projects-popup_image">

</div>
    {{/if}}
  </div>
</div>

<div class="pdf-header_title">{{name}} Answers</div>
</header>
<section class="pdf-section">
  {{#each lessons}}
<div class="pdf-section_lesson-title">{{lessonNo}}. {{{title}}}</div>
    {{#each tasks}}
<div class="pdf-section_task">
<h2 class="pdf-section_task-title">{{lessonNo}}.{{taskNo}}. {{{objective}}}</h2>
        {{#if solution}}
<pre class="prettyprint pdf-section_code">{{{solution}}}</pre>
        {{else if questions}}
<p>Review Quiz Questions:<br>

<ol class="pdf-section_list">
            {{#each questions}}
<li class="pdf-section_list-item">{{{answer}}}
            {{/each}}
          </ol>
        {{else if answer}}
<p>{{{answer}}}
        {{/if}}
      </div>
    {{/each}}
  {{/each}}
</section>
<script>addEventListener("load", function (event) { prettyPrint() }, false);</script>

<div class="pdf-header_title">{{name}} Instructions</div>
</header>
<section class="pdf-section">
  {{#each lessons}}
<div class="pdf-section_lesson-title">{{lessonNo}}. {{{title}}}</div>
    {{#each tasks}}
<div class="pdf-section_task">
<h2 class="pdf-section_task-title">{{lessonNo}}.{{taskNo}}. {{{objective}}}</h2>
        {{#if goal}}
          {{{goal}}}
        {{/if}}
        {{#if questions}}
<p>Review Quiz Questions:<br>

<ol class="pdf-section_list">
            {{#each questions}}
<li class="pdf-section_list-item">{{{question}}}
            {{/each}}
          </ol>
        {{/if}}
        {{#if answer}}
<p>{{{answer}}}
        {{/if}}
      </div>
    {{/each}}
  {{/each}}
</section>
<script>addEventListener("load", function (event) { prettyPrint() }, false);</script>

{{#each this}}
<div class="course-box -{{theme}}">
<div class="course-box_content">
<div class="course-box_top-bar">
<div class="course-box_top-bar-left">
<span class="course-box_type">{{level}}</span>
<span class="course-box_title">{{{name}}}</span>
          </div>
<div class="course-box_top-bar-right">
<span>{{hours}} HRS</span>
<span class="course-box_top-post"></span>
<span class="course-box_preview-btn">Preview <i class="icon-ca-play-full course-box_preview-btn-triangle"></i></span>
          </div>
        </div>
<div class="course-box_details">
<p class="course-box_description">{{{description}}}</p>
<div class="course-box_buttons">
<div class="course-box_buttons-left">
              {{#if progress}}
<a href="{{url}}" class="button course-box_resume-button">Resume</a>
              {{else}}
<a href="{{url}}" class="button course-box_resume-button">Start</a>
              {{/if}}
            </div>
<div class="course-box_buttons-right">
<button class="button course-box_details-button">View Details</button>
<div class="course-box_content-footer">
<div class="course-box_footer-info">
                  
                </div>
<div class="course-box_footer-info">
                  {{difficulty}}
                </div>
<div class="course-box_footer-info">
                  {{taskCount}} Tasks
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
<div class="course-box_footer">
<div class="course-box_footer-info">
                  
            </div>
<div class="course-box_footer-info">
              {{difficulty}}
            </div>
<div class="course-box_footer-info">
              {{taskCount}} Tasks
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
<div class="course-box_preview">
        {{#if image}}
<div class="course-box_preview-image">
<image src="{{image}}" class="course-box_preview-image-image">
          </div>
        {{else}}
<div class="course-box_preview-video">
<div class="course-box_preview-video-play">
<div class="course-box_preview-video-play-icon">
<i class="icon-ca-play"></i>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>  
        {{/if}}
      </div>
<div class="course-box_percentage-top">
<span class="course-box_percentage-circle"></span>
<div class="course-box_percentage-percent-wrapper">
<span class="course-box_percentage-percent" style="width: {{progress}}%"></span>
        </div>
<i class="icon-ca-ribbon-small{{ribbon}} course-box_percentage-ribbon -percent{{progress}}"></i>
      </div>
<div class="course-box_percentage-bottom">
<span class="course-box_percentage-circle"></span>
<div class="course-box_percentage-percent-wrapper">
<span class="course-box_percentage-percent" style="width: {{progress}}%"></span>
        </div>
<i class="icon-ca-star course-box_percentage-star"></i>
<i class="icon-ca-ribbon-small{{ribbon}} course-box_percentage-ribbon -percent{{progress}}"></i>
      </div>
    </div>
  {{/each}}

<!doctype html>
<style>
    html {
        font-size: 0 !important;
    }

.t-quiz > * {
        font-size: initial !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    }
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/dist/style.min.css?0.052468554855654936">
{{#each css}}
{{/each}}
<script>
    window.CHINA = true;
    window._MIN_ = '';
    window.CURRENT_VERSION = '1';
    window.IFRAME = true;
</script>
<script src="/js/jquery.js?v=yOKaW5htuhTZ_ZEWQ-n3h0ennNBkN3zmVmtasuaxVKk"></script>
<script src="/js/jquery-ui.min.js?v=_CzTpg6QTje_ISm9yjDTYORSNm5j6oJ56j0nP6TCzhc"></script>

download
new file
upload media
rename

delete

Keyboard Shortcuts

Toolbox

My Notes

Loading Notes...

<!doctype html>

<title>{title}</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

<!doctype html>

<title>{title}</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

canvas {
        background-color: white;
        border: 1px solid black;
    }

table {
        position: absolute;
        width: 360px;
        height: 300px;
        background-color: black;
        top: 50%;
        opacity: 0.9;
        margin: auto;
        margin-top: -150px;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

td {
        padding: 24px;
    }

p {
        line-height: 28px;
    }

.social-share img {
        width: 20px;
        height: 20px;
        vertical-align: middle;
    }

h1 {
        font-size: 28px;
    }

#code {
        display: none;
    }
</style>

<a href="{protocol}//{domain}"><img src="{protocol}//{domain}/images/logo-full.png"
                                    alt="Code Avengers logo" width="200"
                                    style="margin-top: 20px;"></a>
<br><span>presents</span>
<h1>"{title}" by {codename}</h1>
<iframe id="myApp" {events} width="{width}" height="{height}"></iframe>
<p>Learn to make apps, games and websites with <a style="color: #ef5555" href="/">CodeAvengers.com</a>

<table onclick="this.style.display='none';displayApp()">
<tr>
<td>  
<h2>Instructions</h2>
<p>{instructions}
  
<p>
<b>Click to start</b>

</table>

<div id="code">
{content}
</div>

<!doctype html>

<title>{title}</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

canvas {
        background-color: white;
        border: 1px solid black;
    }

td {
        padding: 24px;
    }

p {
        line-height: 28px;
    }

.social-share img {
        width: 20px;
        height: 20px;
        vertical-align: middle;
    }

h1 {
        font-size: 28px;
    }

.fullscreen footer, .fullscreen header {
        display: none;
    }

.fullscreen table {
        top: 170px;
    }
</style>

<header>
<a href="{protocol}//{domain}"><img src="{protocol}//{domain}/images/logo-full.png"
                                    alt="Code Avengers logo" width="200"
                                    style="margin-top: 20px;"></a>
<br><span>presents</span>
<h1>"{title}" by {codename}</h1>
</header>

<canvas id="paperscriptCanvas" tabindex="0"
        {canvasEvents} width="{width}" height="{height}"></canvas>

<footer>
<p>Learn to make apps, games and websites with <a style="color: #ef5555;" href="/">CodeAvengers.com</a>

</footer>

<tr>
<td>  
<h2>Instructions</h2>
<p>{instructions}
  
<p>
<b>Click to start</b>

</table>

<title>Code Avengers Profile</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

<header>
<a href="https://codeavengers.com"><img src="/images/logo.png"></a>
<a href="/m/about.html">About us</a> | <a href="http://blog.codeavengers.com">Blog</a>
</header>
<section>
<h2>My Profile</h2>
<img src="/images/profile9.png" width="180" alt="profile">

</a>
<strong>Name</strong>: Supacoda<br>

<strong>Birthday</strong>: 14<sup>th</sup> April<br>

<strong>Height</strong>: 1.79m<br>

<h3>My Super Powers</h3>
<p>I have super endurance, once I start, I keep going until I finish!
	
<p>I will eat anything and lots of it... if there is a plate with food on it, I will eat it!

{{ model.achievement.text }}

Bob Bemer

Keyboard Shortcuts

Toolbox

My Notes

Loading Notes...